Thank you everyone for your feedback and comments! For those experiencing voice calling issues on iOS/iPadOS 17.2 devices, Apple has addressed this in the latest 17.4 update. You can find more details in Apple's release notes linked here.
For other iOS/iPadOS-related issues not associated with voice calling, we recommend raising both a support request to Apple and our Microsoft Intune support teams. This can be done though Apple’s support channels, and the Intune admin center's Help and support blade or any of the methods here: aka.ms/IntuneSupport.
Doing so will enable both of our support teams to conduct a comprehensive investigation to your specific scenario. Should you have further questions or need to discuss your scenario in more detail with the Intune team, please send us a message with more information. We're here to help. Thank you!