Windows Server 2019 - Upgrade of certain packages fails - Repair fails as well

Situation:

- Windows Server 2019 - Long Term Stable release

- some upgrades work in Windows Update

- specific Updates fail (regardless whether I install via Win Update or download via Microsoft Catalogue)

See below (sorry for German UI)

As you can see:

KB4586082 -- SUCCESS

KB4586839 -- FAIL

I have tried repair using

sfc /scannow --> no problems found

dism .... (see below) --> problem found BUT repair via /restoreHealth fails

Any ideas how to solve this without data loss and not too long downtime?

Today again a rollback: